Orthopaedic surgery is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders and injuries affecting the musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Orthopaedic surgeons use both surgical and non-surgical methods to treat a wide range of conditions, such as fractures, osteoporosis, arthritis, joint degeneration, and sports injuries. The goal of orthopaedic surgery is to restore function, alleviate pain, and improve mobility and quality of life for patients. Orthopaedic surgeons may perform various procedures, including joint replacement, osteotomy, bone grafting, and soft tissue repair. By combining medical expertise with innovative technologies and techniques, orthopaedic surgeons can help patients recover from injuries, manage chronic conditions, and maintain an active and healthy lifestyle.

The Anglo-American model is also known as , ambulances are staffed by paramedics and/or emergency medical technicians. , but not to the same level as a physician. In this model it is rare to find a physician actually Specialized medical training working routinely in ambulances.