Joint replacement surgery, also known as arthroplasty, is a medical procedure designed to relieve pain, restore mobility, and improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from severe joint damage or degeneration. During the surgery, the damaged or arthritic joint is replaced with an artificial one, typically made of metal, plastic, or ceramic materials. The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia or regional anesthesia, and the recovery process typically involves physical therapy, pain management, and follow-up care to ensure a smooth and successful outcome. Joint replacement surgery can be performed on various joints, including the hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow, and has been shown to significantly improve the quality of life for millions of people worldwide, enabling them to return to their normal activities and enjoy a more active and pain-free life.

The Anglo-American model is also known as , ambulances are staffed by paramedics and/or emergency medical technicians. , but not to the same level as a physician. In this model it is rare to find a physician actually Specialized medical training working routinely in ambulances.